石斑鱼鱼虱病的病理学研究

本文报道南海鱼虱,引起的石斑鱼鱼虱病病理变化的研究结果。南海鱼虱对青石斑鱼的危害主要是由于桡足幼体期对寄主组织的大量摄食,导致鳃部组织的完整性受到破坏,使寄主的生理功能受损害而引起病变。患病鱼的红细胞数、血清钠、钾、钙、血糖、尿素氮、胆固醇,白蛋白和总蛋白的含量与健康鱼比较,仅见红细胞数减少和血清钙的增加变化明显。     

青石斑鱼海水循环水养殖水体的细菌群落特征北大核心CSCD

【目的】为揭示工厂化循环水青石斑鱼养殖水体的细菌群落特征,比较患病养殖池与健康养殖池的细菌群落结构差异,探讨细菌群落结构与青石斑鱼病害相关的相关性。【方法】采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序方法,分析比较了患病和健康养殖水体细菌群落结构、α-多样性指数(包括多度、均一度和系统发育多样性);并结合传统方法从患病青石斑鱼病灶部位分离疑似病原菌。【结果】患病和健康养殖水体中细菌群落的α-多样性并无太大差异,但主坐标分析与热图样本聚类分析表明细菌群落结构明显不同。二者的优势细菌门均为Proteobacteria、Verrucomicrobia和Bacteroidetes,但它们的相对丰度差异显著。患病养殖水体中α-Proteobacteria(25.07%)和γ-Protebacteria(22.74%)丰度相当,而健康养殖水体中γ-Protebacteria(40.49%)显著高于α-Proteobacteria(10.87%)。患病水体的Verrucomicrobia丰度(26.4%)远高于健康水体(10.9%);而Bacteroidetes的相对丰度则相反(12.3%vs 20.9%)。主要的差异类群包括α-Proteobacteria的Rhodobacteraceae和Rhodospirillaceae,γ-Proteobacteria的Alteromonadaceae、HTCC2188和Oceanospirillaceae,Verrucomicrobia的Verrucomicrobiaceae和Bacteroidetes的Cryomorphaceae。更表现在核心微生物类群的差异,健康养殖池水体以Glaciecola、HTCC、Sediminicola、Prevotella等对于养殖动物有益或无害的属为核心微生物;而患病养殖池水体则以Vibrio、Rubritalea、Oleibacter等病原菌或对养殖动物不利的属为核心微生物。从患病青石斑鱼的皮肤、肝脏和脾脏共分离得到弧菌20株,Acinetobacter haemolyticus 1株。【结论】患病的青石斑鱼循环水养殖水体中的细菌群落明显不同于健康养殖水体,特别是核心微生物的差异,其以Vibrio等病原菌或对养殖动物不利的属为主。该结果为青石斑鱼循环水养殖系统的管理、病害的诊断和监测提供理论与实验基础。     

Socially controlled male-to-female sex reversal in the protogynous orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides

Socially controlled sex change in teleosts is a dramatic example of adaptive reproductive plasticity. In many cases, the occurrence of sex change is triggered by a change in the social context, such as the disappearance of the dominant individual. The orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides is a typical protogynous hermaphrodite fish that changes sex from female to male and remains male throughout its life span. In this study, male-to-female sex reversal in male Epinephelus coioides was successfully induced by social isolation. The body length and mass, gonadal change, serum sex steroid hormone levels and sex-related gene expression patterns during the process of socially controlled male-to-female sex reversal in E. coioides were systematically examined. This report investigates the physiological mechanisms of the socially controlled male-to-female sex reversal process in a protogynous hermaphrodite grouper species. The results enable us to study the physiological control of sex change, not only from female to male, but also from male to female.     

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of interferon-gamma-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase gene in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides

In mammals, interferon-gamma-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) has been demonstrated to play a key role in the processing and presentation of MHC class II-restricted antigen (Ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction, thus unfolding native protein Ag and facilitating subsequent cleavage by proteases. In this study a cDNA containing the orange-spotted grouper GILT (OsgGILT) coding sequence has been cloned and its complete sequence determined. The full-length cDNA of OsgGILT gene is 1066 bp nucleotides (nt) encoding a protein of 260 amino acids (aa), with a putative molecular weight of 28.7 kDa. The deduced OsgGILT possesses the typical structural feature of mammalian GILT, including an active-site CXXC motif, a GILT signature sequence CQHGX(2)ECX(2)NX(4)C, and 10 conserved cysteines. The result of real-time PCR showed that OsgGILT mRNA was expressed in heart, liver, brain, gill, kidney and muscle and more highly expressed in spleen. The OsgGILT expression is obviously up-regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with LPS, these results suggest that OsgGILT may be involved in the immune response to LPS challenge in orange-spotted grouper.     

斜带石斑鱼仔鱼变态过程中甲状腺的发育变化

斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)属鲈形目,科,石斑鱼属,为暖水性中下层鱼类,是我国南方沿海重要的经济养殖鱼类。长期以来,许多海水鱼仔稚鱼培育阶段的一大难题是成活率低1。目前斜带石斑鱼的大规模苗种培育仍未很好解决,仔鱼经历第二背鳍棘从生长到吸收的变态过程时死亡率很高。       

从细胞色素b部分序列探讨石斑鱼属的分子系统发育关系

石斑鱼的分类在学术界尚存在很多争议。本文采用PCR技术,测定了分布于中国的点带石斑鱼(Epinepheluscoioiaes)、青石斑鱼(E.awoara)、六带石斑鱼(E.sexfasciatus)、褐石斑鱼(E.brunneus),长棘石斑鱼(E.longispinis),吻斑石斑鱼(E.spilotoceps),巨石斑鱼(E.tauvina)以及石斑鱼亚科侧牙鲈属的侧牙鲈(Variola louti)的线粒体细胞色素b基因402bp的序列,结合GenBank提供的7种中国无记录的石斑鱼:青铜石斑鱼(E.aeneus)、海丰石斑鱼(E.haifensis)、犬牙石斑鱼(E.caninus)、东大西洋石斑鱼(E.marginatus)、白斑石斑鱼(E.multinotatus)、德氏石斑鱼(E.drummondhayi)、淡点石斑鱼(E.labriformis),把这14种石斑鱼作为内群,对他们的序列组成和结构特点进行了分析;并以同为科(Serranidae)、石斑鱼亚科(Epinephelinae)的侧牙鲈属(Variola)的侧牙鲈作外群,分别用MP法、NJ法对内、外群构建了分子系统树,结果表明:(1)14种石斑鱼402bp的mtDNA Cytb部分序列的碱基组成上,A+T的含量为53.6%高于G+C含量(46.4%),序列中转换颠换比为4.78,没有突变饱和;(2)青石斑鱼与六带石斑鱼、点带石斑鱼与巨石斑鱼、长棘石斑鱼与吻斑石斑鱼分别聚在一起,与形态分类结果一致;(3)系统树中,大西洋与太平洋种类各枝交替汇合,表明石斑鱼的Cytb序列有严格的保守性,也可能是协同进化的结果;(4)揭示在良种选配或遗传管理时,避免居于同枝的石斑鱼混交,将大西洋种类与太平洋种类杂交可能是遗传改良的一种途径。       

Embryonic and larval development and fatty‐acid profile of Epinephelus marginatus spawned in captivity: tools applied to captive rearing

Development, ontogeny of the digestive system and the fatty‐acid (FA) profile, were analysed during development of Epinephelus marginatus. Larvae were analysed 7 and 17 days post fertilization (dpf) to evaluate fatty‐acid profile and morphological variables, respectively. Epinephelus marginatus larvae have relatively slow development of digestive structures, but were able to capture, ingest and digest prey by 5 dpf. Eggs were composed of high percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in phospholipids. The percentage of n3 PUFAs was higher than n6, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which exhibited higher levels compared with other marine species during the first 3 days of development, both in terms of phospholipids and triglycerides. The larvae present a high content of docosahexaenoic acid–eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA–EPA) and, during this phase, live food of small size was required (copepods or SS‐strain Brachionus rotundiformes), enriched with DHA–EPA. These results may guide future studies on the contribution of FAs required during this stage of the life cycle of E. marginatus, to advance knowledge of the use of these FAs throughout ontogeny and contribute to the culture of this species commercial production or restocking.     

Why is grouper larval rearing difficult?: an approach from the development of the feeding apparatus in early stage larvae of the grouper,Epinephelus coioides

The osteological development of elements forming the oral cavity was examined in early stage larvae of the grouper,Epinephelus coioides, from hatching to 242.5 hours after hatching. By the time of initial mouth opening, at 54 hours after hatching, the fundamental elements, composed of the trabecula, some components of the lower branchial and hyoid arches, the quadrate and symplectic-hyomandibular cartilages, maxilla and Meckel's cartilage, had appeared. No further elements were observed until 165 hours after initial mouth opening, except some components in the lower branchial arch and head region. The appearance of new elements and initial ossification of existing cartilage occurred thereafter, but all elements related to feeding either had not appeared or had not started ossifying until 188.5 hours after initial mouth opening. Based on the morphology and developmental modes of these elements, the feeding mode of grouper larvae was considered to be “sucking/grasping.” However, the appearance and ossification of elements occurred slowly, with no transitional phase from sucking to grasping modes of feeding being observed during the study; such delayed development of the feeding-related bony elements was considered to be a cause of the difficulty in rearing early stage grouper larvae.